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Customs Examination Types: VACIS, Tailgate, and Intensive Exams

By ANKPOST Operations Team · 2026-06-13

What are the main types of customs examinations?

CBP selects a percentage of import containers for examination based on risk-targeting algorithms, manifest data anomalies, or random selection, with exam types ranging in intensity from non-intrusive imaging to full unpack — the three most common categories are VACIS (Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System, a gamma-ray imaging scan performed without opening the container), tailgate exams (CBP opens the container doors and inspects the first few feet of cargo), and intensive exams (the full container is devanned, often at a Centralized Examination Station, or CES). Independent dispatch data indicates that containers selected for VACIS exams at LA/Long Beach are commonly released within 1-2 days, tailgate exams within 2-4 days, while intensive exams routed to a CES facility frequently extend total dwell by 5-10 days due to CES facility scheduling and devanning queue times.

In this article

Cost structure / standard tiers

Exam costs are billed to the importer or consignee and vary significantly by exam type and facility.

Exam Type Typical Cost to Importer Typical Added Dwell Time
VACIS (non-intrusive imaging) $0-$200 (often absorbed by terminal) 1-2 days
Tailgate exam $150-$400 2-4 days
Intensive exam (CES devanning) $800-$2,500+ (devanning, drayage to CES, storage) 5-10 days

Containers requiring an intensive exam also accrue demurrage and detention during the additional dwell, since exam time does not pause free-time clocks at most terminals.

Risk mitigation / operational guidance

Request a free-time extension immediately upon notification of an exam hold, since exam-related delays are a common and generally well-accepted basis for extension requests with carriers. For high-frequency importers, review which HTS codes or countries of origin tend to trigger exams and ensure documentation (invoices, packing lists, country-of-origin declarations) is complete and consistent before filing, since documentation discrepancies are a frequent secondary trigger once a container is already flagged. Budget exam costs into landed-cost calculations for commodity categories with historically higher exam rates (textiles, certain food products, goods from countries subject to enforcement priorities). If a container is held for exam at a CES with a known backlog, evaluate whether expedited devanning fees are available to reduce queue time — some CES operators offer priority handling for an additional fee.

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