Cost structure / standard tiers
Pricing structures diverge based on freight class, density, and the number of pallets being shipped.
| Mode | Pricing Basis | Typical Best-Fit Volume | Handling Touches |
|---|---|---|---|
| LTL | Freight class (NMFC) + weight + density + accessorials | 1-6 pallets, under ~5,000 lbs | 2-5 (multiple terminals) |
| Partial truckload | Linear feet or pallet count, often flat regional rates | 6-18 pallets, 5,000-20,000 lbs | 0-2 (direct or single transload) |
| Full truckload | Per-mile or flat lane rate | 20+ pallets, 20,000+ lbs | 0 |
LTL accessorial charges (liftgate, inside delivery, residential, reclassification) can add 20-50% to a base LTL rate, a factor less common in PTL pricing.
Risk mitigation / operational guidance
For shipments in the 6-12 pallet range, request quotes for both LTL and partial truckload — the crossover point where PTL becomes cost-competitive with LTL varies by lane and carrier capacity, and is often lower than shippers assume. Accurately classify freight under the NMFC system before booking LTL, since reclassification charges (assessed when a carrier's inspection finds the freight doesn't match the declared class) are a common source of unexpected post-shipment invoices. For freight sensitive to handling damage, weigh the reduced handling touches of PTL against its higher per-pallet cost for small shipments. Confirm accessorial charges (liftgate, appointment delivery, limited-access locations) at time of quote for both modes, since these charges are where LTL and PTL total costs most often diverge from initial quotes.